tramadol
January 06, 2007 10:51 AM

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Why is this medication prescribed?
Tramadol is used to relieve moderate to moderately severe pain. It may be used to treat pain caused by surgery and chronic conditions such as cancer or joint pain. Tramadol extended-release is used to treat moderate to severe chronic pain when treatment is needed around the clock. Tramadol is in a class of medications called opiate (narcotic) analgesics. It works by decreasing the body's sense of pain.
Tramadol: Tramadol is used to treat moderate to severe pain. Dosages vary depending on the degree of pain experienced by the patient. Tramadol is approximately 10% as potent as morphine , when given by the IV /IM route.
Tramadol is an atypical opioid which is a centrally acting analgesic , used for treating moderate to severe pain. It is a synthetic agent, unrelated to other opioids, and appears to have actions on the GABAergic , noradrenergic and serotonergic systems. Tramadol was developed by the German pharmaceutical company Grünenthal GmbH and marketed under the trade name Tramal . Tramadol is usually marketed as the hydrochloride salt ( tramadol hydrochloride ) and is available in both injectable ( intravenous and/or intramuscular ) and oral preparations (e.g. Zydol® in UK and Ultram ® in US ). It is also available in conjunction with paracetamol (acetaminophen) as Ultracet® or Tramacet® . Grünenthal has also cross licensed the drug to many other pharmaceutical companies that market it under various names, some of which are listed below.
Note t hat unlike virtually all other opiods / opiates , Tramadol is not considered a controlled substance in many countries (US and Canada, among others), available only with a normal perscrpition. According to [ Erowid ], there have also been reports that, in a few countries, Tramadol is available over-the-counter without a perscription at all. This medication is used to relieve moderate pain. It is similar to narcotic pain medications. It works on certain nerves in the brain that control how you experience pain.

How to use Tramadol
Take this medication by mouth with or without food as directed by your doctor. The maximum recommended dose is 400 milligrams a day. If you have serious kidney disease (e.g., if you are on dialysis), the maximum recommended dose is 100 milligrams every 12 hours. If you have serious liver disease (e.g., cirrhosis), the maximum recommended dose is 50 milligrams every 12 hours. If you are older than 75 years, the maximum recommended dose is 300 milligrams a day. Pain medications work best if they are used as the first signs of pain (or migraine) occur. If you wait until the pain has worsened, the medication may not work as well. The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment. To reduce the risk of side effects, your doctor may tell you to gradually increase your dose when starting tramadol. If you have nausea, you may take this drug with food. Consult your doctor or pharmacist about other ways to decrease nausea (e.g., antihistamines, lying down for 1 to 2 hours with as little head movement as possible).
Follow your doctor's or pharmacist's instruction for the safe use of non-narcotic pain relievers (e.g., acetaminophen, ibuprofen). Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more details regarding your treatment.
Treatment of restless legs syndrome with tramadol: an open study.
Department of Psychiatry, University Central Hospital of Turku, Finland.
BACKGROUND: Tramadol is a central analgesic that seems to have fewer side effects and a lower abuse potential than classical opioids. Since the treatment of restless legs syndrome (RLS) with levodopa or classical opioids is problematic, new treatment possibilities would be valuable. METHOD: We treated 12 patients who fulfilled at least the minimal diagnostic criteria proposed by the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group as well as the criteria proposed by Gibb and Lees, some of them treatment resistant or prone to side effects of previous medications, with 50 to 150 mg of tramadol per day in an open study. The follow-up lasted from 15 to 24 months. RESULTS: Ten patients reported clear amelioration and 1 reported slight amelioration of their symptoms, while 1 reported no effect. Tramadol was described to be the most effective treatment and free of side effects when compared with several other treatments. No major tolerance against treatment effect emerged among those who needed only a single evening dose.
CONCLUSION: Compared with other treatments for RLS, tramadol seems to be superior in some cases, possibly because of its unique pharmacodynamic profile. Controlled studies are needed. Meanwhile, we believe that tramadol should be considered before other opioids are prescribed. We recommend intermittent treatment and careful monitoring.
PMID: 10221285 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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